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“Hardening of the arteries” is the way people have described the vascular (blood vessel) problem called multi-infarct dementia. In the past, this colloquial description was a good one, because experts thought that “hardened” and partially clogged arteries produced this particular form of dementia. Today we know that this vascular type of dementia is caused not by partially blocked arteries, but by completely blocked ones. A series of small strokes (or in medical terminology, multi-infarcts) is what produces the changes in memory and thinking.
A stroke occurs when a blood vessel feeding the brain becomes blocked, the blood supply is … Continue Reading

Barry Gurland, director of geriatric psychiatry at Columbia University and an expert on dementia’s clinical course, thinks the intellectual losses that occur as this dreadful condition advances are like peeling an onion. As time goes by, each cognitive milestone is stripped away in the reverse of the order in which it was attained. So first a person loses the mental skills acquired in adolescence – complicated abstract thought – then what was learned in elementary school – reading, the ability to add and subtract. Finally, the milestones reached at ages two and one are gone – dressing, forming sentences, … Continue Reading